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The ability to detect
point-mutations in specific genes within a large population
of mutagenized plants was first demonstrated by Claire
McCallum from the Henikoff and Comai laboratories at
the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and the University
of Washington in Seattle (Nat
Biotechnol. 2000 Apr;18(4):455-7 and Plant
Physiol, June 2000, Vol. 123, pp. 439-442) and coined
TILLING (Targeting Induced Local
Lesions In Genomes). Using an EMS
mutagenized population of Arabidiposis, McCallum et
al. developed a PCR-based screen to detected point mutations
within a given target using pools of DNAs from the mutants
and resolving the PCR products using denaturing HPLC
(DHPLC).
The Arabidopsis TILLING
Project (ATP) was established by the Henikoff and Comai
Labs with funding from the NSF's Plant Genome Research
Program to provide a TILLING service for the Arabidopsis
community. ATP, now called the Seattle TILLING Project
(STP), made improvements to the methodology that increased
throughput and also improved mutation
detection. STP also conducted workshops for other
researchers so that they could explore the feasability
of establishing TILLING populations for their organism.
Eco-TILLING, a variation of TILLING, is being used to
determine the natural diversity of alleles that exist
for any given gene within different cultivars including
maize.
Many TILLING projects have been developed throughout
the world, and several others are in the "pilot
stage" where the mutant populations are being created
and assayed to determine the mutation density. The list
below contains links to other TILLING projects.
Organisms being TILLed:
Barley
Castor
Plants Arcadia Biosciences Inc.
Lotus
(legume)
Rice (Japonica
and Indica)
Sorghum
TILLING
Soybean
Mutation Project
Wheat
Companies, Groups and Services using TILLING
CAN-TILL,
the Canadian TILLING Initiative
Brassica
Caenorhabditis
elegans
Arabidopsis
(completed)
Popular
GABI-TILLING
Sugar beet
Barley
Arabidopsis
Genome
Center at UC-Davis, Comai Laboratory
Rice
Wheat
INRA-France
Pea TILLING (Dijon)
Rapeseed TILLING (Rennes)
Tomato TILLING (Bordeaux)
Seattle
TILLING Project
Arabidopsis
Drosophila
(Fly-TILL)
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